Low-mass galaxies refer to small galaxies that have relatively low amounts of stellar and gas mass compared to larger galaxies like the Milky Way. These galaxies are typically found in the outskirts of galaxy clusters and are considered to be less evolved than their larger counterparts. Low-mass galaxies are of interest to astronomers because they may provide insights into the early stages of galaxy formation and evolution. They often have simpler structures and less developed morphologies, allowing researchers to study the processes that shape galaxies without the complications of larger, more massive systems. Studying low-mass galaxies can also shed light on the role of dark matter in galaxy evolution, as these galaxies are thought to be more susceptible to the effects of dark matter due to their smaller size and mass. Additionally, they can help astronomers understand the distribution and properties of gas in the universe, as low-mass galaxies often have lower gas content compared to larger galaxies. Overall, low-mass galaxies are important objects of study in astrophysics and cosmology, offering valuable insights into the formation and evolution of galaxies in the universe.